# Transaction Layer

Transactions on Boundary are executed on Boundary Chain, leveraging its high performance to achieve second-level transaction speeds. Boundary Chain incorporates two core AI-native functionalities:

#### **Boundary AI-Native Precompiles (BAP)**

Boundary Blockchain integrates Boundary AI-Native Precompiles (BAP), which are built-in functions operating at the native blockchain level. These precompiled functions enable faster execution speeds, lower computational overhead, and reduced gas costs.

* **Training Execution BAP:**\
  These BAPs facilitate the invocation, logging, and verification of off-chain AI training workflows. They enable seamless integration between the blockchain and off-chain training environments, ensuring accurate records of training activities. Additionally, these BAPs verify the integrity and authenticity of training computations performed outside the blockchain, enhancing the credibility and reliability of AI models developed on the Boundary AI platform.
* **Inference Execution BAP:**\
  These BAPs support the invocation, logging, and verification of AI inference results generated off-chain. They call the off-chain AI computations required for inference and provide robust mechanisms to validate whether the AI inferences (such as predictions, classifications, or other outputs) originate from legitimate computations. By integrating these features, Boundary Blockchain ensures that all AI inference activities are transparent, verifiable, and traceable.

#### **Boundary Native Smart Protocols (BNP)**

Boundary has developed a set of native on-chain smart protocols (BNP) that provide a structured and secure framework for managing various aspects of the AI lifecycle. These protocols ensure that AI assets and computational results are processed transparently and reliably.

* **AI Asset Registration BNP:**\
  These protocols manage the initial registration and tracking of AI assets on the blockchain. They establish a comprehensive ledger that uniquely identifies AI models, datasets, agents, and other AI-related assets, ensuring their provenance is verifiable. These BNPs focus on the static aspects of AI asset management, such as recording the creation, identity, and origin of assets.
* **AI Licensing BNP:**\
  AI Licensing BNPs enforce on-chain access permissions or usage rights for AI assets. They implement access control using different types of on-chain licenses, ensuring that only authorized entities can use or access specific AI assets. These protocols help maintain the security and proper usage of AI assets, promoting compliant and controlled distribution of AI functionalities.
* **AI Ownership BNP:**\
  These protocols maintain explicit, immutable, and non-transferable records of AI asset ownership. They securely store ownership details of AI models and datasets on-chain, providing indisputable proof of ownership. This facilitates AI "copyright" management and transparent handling of asset ownership.
* **AI Attribution BNP:**\
  AI Attribution BNPs track ongoing contributions throughout the AI lifecycle and manage reward distribution based on these contributions. These protocols ensure that all inputs to the development and evolution of AI assets are recorded and that any resulting revenue is fairly distributed among contributors.
